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What is lipid profile?

The
lipid profile is a blood test done to assess the status of fat
metabolism in the body and is important in heart disease. This includes
measuring lipids (fats) and its derivatives known as lipoproteins.
Lipoproteins are compounds containing fat and proteins and include free
cholesterol, cholesterol esters, triglycerides, phospholipids and
apoproteins.

Which biochemical markers are used?

The blood is analysed by the laboratory to determine the levels of:

<li>Total cholesterol
</li><li>Triglycerides
</li><li>HDL (high density lipoprotein) cholesterol
</li><li>LDL (low density lipoprotein) cholesterol
</li><li>Serum VLDL (very low density lipoprotein) cholesterol

Total
cholesterol comprises all the cholesterol found in various lipoproteins
such as high-density lipoproteins (HDL), low-density lipoproteins
(LDL), and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL). A total cholesterol
test is a rough measure of all the cholesterol and triglycerides in the
blood.

Triglycerides are neutral fats found in the tissue and
blood. Triglycerides containing lipoproteins may also contribute to the
disorders related to coronary heart disease. Persons with high
triglycerides often have other conditions, such as diabetes and
obesity, that also increase the chances of developing heart disease.

The
main function of HDL is to help soak up excess cholesterol from the
walls of blood vessels and carry it to the liver, where it breaks down
and is removed from the body in the bile. It is thus called “good”
cholesterol as persons with high levels of HDL may have a lower
incidence of heart disease.

LDL contains the greatest
percentage of cholesterol and is responsible for cholesterol deposits
on the walls of the artery resulting in coronary artery disease. LDL is
thus known as the “bad” cholesterol. VLDL stands for very low
density lipoprotein. VLDL contains the highest amount of triglyceride.
VLDL is considered a type of bad cholesterol, because it helps
cholesterol build up on the walls of arteries. Normal VLDL cholesterol
level is between 5 and 40 mg/dL.

The cholesterol/HDL ratio is
derived by dividing the total cholesterol by the HDL. This ratio helps
in assessing the risk of heart disease in individuals.

What are the desirable lipid profile values?

Lipid profile values can be evaluated from the table below:

Adult values	Desirable	Borderline	High risk
Cholesterol	<200 mg/dl	200-239 mg/dl	240 mg/dl
Triglycerides	<150 mg/dl	150-199 mg/dl	200-499 mg/dl
HDL-cholesterol	60 mg/dl	35-45 mg/dl	<35 mg/dl
LDL-cholesterol	60-130 mg/dl	130-159 mg/dl	160-189 mg/dl
Cholesterol/HDL	4.0	5.0	6.0

</li>

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